05:45
MR MTILA 0675975756
CHAPTER
TWO
IDENTIFYING
1.1.
Meaning of identifying
Identify means to establish or indicate who or what
(someone or something) is. We use
preposition when identifying someone or something is. Prepositions Are words used to express
relationship between noun or pronoun to other words within a sentence. Are
usually short and placed directly in front of nouns
Examples of preposition
In, off, on, to, at, by, under, above, behind, beside,
after, before, between, along, across, in front, in front of e.t.c
1.2.
Types
of prepositions
i.
Preposition
of time
ii.
Preposition
place
iii.
Preposition
of movement
iv.
Phrasal
preposition
i)
Preposition of time
They
are used to refer to time in various aspects. E,g, at, on, in.
|
preposition |
Time nature |
|
in |
1.
Months
or Years e.g.
in march, in 2006 2.
Particular
time of a day or a month or a year E.g.
in evening, in morning, in the 3rd week of April, in summer 3.
a
century or a specific time in past or future. e.g.
in the 20th century, in early days, in the stone age, in future |
|
on |
1.
a
day e.g.
on Sunday 2.
dates e.g.
on 7th of February, on February 7 3.
particular
days e.g.
on my birthday, on independence Day |
|
at |
1.
Time
of a clock e.g.
at 3 O’clock. At 4:20 PM 2.
Short
and precise time E.g.
at night, at sunset, at noon, at lunch time, at the moment |
From –
indicating the point in time at which a particular process, event or activity
started.
e.g. from ten o’clock to six
o’clock
During –
show a period of time
e.g.
during home time
Sentences
i.
She
was born in 2003
ii.
His
father died in 2012 in a car accident.
iii.
I
was very happy on the first day of my grade 3.
iv.
We
went to see Mt Kilimanjaro in the summer.
v.
The
party will start at 8 PM.
vi.
They
will come here on 15th February.
vii.
Everyone
takes breakfast in the morning.
ii)
Preposition of place (e.g. on, at, in)
They are used for several of types of
places.
“in” mostly used for a place having some
sort of (physical or virtual) boundary
“on” usually used for a surface
“at” usually used for a specific place
|
Prepositions |
Nature of the
places |
|
in |
Places having some
(physical or virtual ) boundary Examples: In a hall In a school In the building In the box In the car In a library In a garden In a room |
|
On |
Surfaces of
things. Examples: On the table On the chalkboard On the page On a wall On a roof On the map |
|
at |
Specific places: Examples: At bus stop At the entrance At front of the
chair At the bottom of
glass At the edge of
roof |
Others ; behind, between,
above, below, under, in front,
Sentences
They
live in Zanzibar
They
placed their books on a table.
I
met him at the bus stop.
She
waited for her kids at the gate of her home.
There
is a cat under the table
They
were running on the road.
The
bulb is between the fans.
She
is behind the wall
iii)
Preposition of movement/direction
They are; to, towards, through, into, over, across,
along, from, around, onto, up, down.
They express the direction to something or movement from
one place to another.
Examples:
i.
They
are going to class
ii.
The
snake was coming towards her.
iii.
He
threw a ball into a river
iv.
They
walked slowly through the woods.
v.
A
cat jumped over the wall.
vi.
Phrasal preposition
These are two or more words functioning as a preposition
Examples:
According to, in front of, out of, next to, inside,
outside, apart from, because of, in addition to, on top of,
Sentence
i.
The
teacher is in front of the class.
ii.
Fatma
is next to the door.
iii.
He
went out of the class.
iv.
Answer
the questions according to the instructions.
v.
What
can you see inside your class?
1.3.
Numbers up to twenty thousand (20,000)
Read and write numbers
a)
In figures
|
Ten
thousands |
thousands |
hundreds |
tens |
ones |
|
1 |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
8 |
7 |
6 |
5 |
4 |
10,000 1,000 100 10 1
11,000 2,000 200 20 2
12,000 3,000 300 30 3
13,000 4,000 400 40 4
14,000 5,000 500 50 5
15,000 6,000 600 60 6
16,000 7,000 700 70 7
17,000 8,000 800 80 8
18,000 9,000 900 90 9
19,000
20,000
b)
Number in words
10 ten
20 twenty
30 thirty
40 forty
50 fifty
60 sixty
70 seventy
80 eighty
90 ninety
100 hundred
200 two
hundred
300 three
hundred
400 four
hundred
500 five
hundred
600 six
hundred
700 seven
hundred
800 eight
hundred
900 nine
hundred
1,000 one
thousand
2,000 two
thousand
3,000 three
thousand
4,000 four
thousand
5,000 five
thousand
6,000 six
thousand
7,000 seven
thousand
8,000 eight
thousand
9,000 nine
thousand
10,000 ten
thousand
11,000 eleven
thousand
12,000 twelve
thousand
13,000 thirteen
thousand
14,000 fourteen
thousand
15,000 fifteen
thousand
16,000 sixteen
thousand
17,000 seventeen
thousand
18,000 eighteen
thousand
19,000 nineteen
thousand
20,000 twenty
thousand
Relate
numbers with objects
The
price of different things
The price of a pencil is fifty shillings
The price of a bag is nineteen thousand shillings.
The price of an apple is six hundred shillings.
The price of a ruler is five hundred shillings.
The price of the glass is seven thousand shillings.
Mathematical
signs
Symbols what we say
+ plus
- minus
X times
or multiplied by
÷ divided
by
= equals
or is equal to
≥ greater
than or more than
≤ less
than or smaller than
Examples
i.
5 +
5 = 10
Five
plus five equals ten.
ii.
8 -
4 = 4
Eight
minus four is equal to four
iii.
2 x
3 = 6
Two
times three equals six
iv.
12
÷ 4 = 3
Twelve
divided by four is equal to three.
v.
90
≥ 40
Ninety
is greater than forty
vi.
1 ≤
2
One
is less than two.
SOUNDS
Words with a long
sound e
Peel, creep, breeze, fourteen, speech, three, flee,
agree, committee, happy, cherry, glory, memory, twenty, family, smelly, empty, money, clean, donkey
Long e vowel
Words with
double ee,
words end in y
words with ea
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