MR MTILA 0675975756
CHAPTER
THREE
DESCRIBING
1.1.
Meaning of describing
Describing
is defined as giving details about a person, thing or event.
a. People’s
ongoing activities
TENSE
It is a time described by a verb, shown by
its grammatical form (the state of a verb).
Categories of tense
i. Present tense
ii. Past tense
iii. Future tense
1.2.
VERBS
Verb is a word that shows an action, occurrence or state
of being.
They are words which describe action or feeling.
Verbs describe things that happen;
·
Today
or now (present) – play (plays), walk (walks), dance (dances), write (write)
·
Yesterday
or past time- played, walked, danced, wrote
·
Tomorrow
or future – will play, shall walk, will dance, and shall write.
PRESENT
TENSE
Used to refer to actions and situation which happen or
reportedly all the time or at any time.
Formula
Subject + infinite verb + object
Subject
– doer of the action ( noun or pronoun)
Infinite
verb - (play(s))
Object
–receiver of the action.
·
I
play football.
·
She
cooks pilau
·
They
write notes
subject |
Infinite verb |
Object/complement |
I We You She He It They Asma |
play eat drive cooks sings runs write cleans |
Football Cassava the
car pizza the
song faster the
notes dishes |
RULES
i.
We
add s, es, or ies for 3rd
person singular
3rd
person singular – (he, she, it)
·
We
add s for the verb which ends with
consonants and vowel.
Examples:
Walks,
sleeps, takes, runs, plays
1. She sleeps early.
2. He plays football
3. It runs faster
·
We
add es for verb which ends with ss, ch, o, sh
Examples:
Goes,
does, reaches, passes, watches, brushes
Sentences
1. Asha goes to school
2. He washes his clothes
3. It reaches on the roof.
4. It passes faster
·
We
add ies for the verb which ends with
“y” before “y” there is consonants so we remove “y” and add ies
Examples:
Cry cries
Carry carries
Marry marries
Fly flies
Sentences
1.
she
cries a lot.
2.
It
flies over the sky.
3.
Juma
carries laggage.
ii.
We
do not add s, es, ies to verb when we use pronoun I, WE, YOU, THEY.
Examples:
1.
I
play football
2.
We
cook pilau.
3.
You
sing the song.
4.
They
clean toilet.
Into
negative form
Formula
Subject + do/does not + verb + object/complement
subject |
Do/does not |
verb |
Object/complement |
I She We He |
Do not Does not Do not Does not |
Answer Watch Cook count |
The question TV Bananas numbers |
Note:
a. we
use do not for pronouns, I, WE, YOU, THEY and plural nouns.
Examples:
1. I do not go to school.
2. They do not cry a lot.
3. We do not eat birian.
4. Ali and Juma do not write their reports.
5. Teachers do not teach us English.
b. Does
not used
with pronoun she, he, it or singular nouns.
Example:
1. She does not play netball
2. He does not write his exercise.
3. It does not fly over.
4. Haitham does not cook well
5. Ali does not drive car.
PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE/CONTINOUS TENSE
The tense express something that is happening now or at
the time we are speaking.
Formula
Positive sentences:
Subject + verb to be (am/is/are) + verb (ing) + object
Note:
am
for I (singular)
Is
for he, she and it (singular)
Are
for you, we and they (plural)
Examples:
Singular
subject |
Verb to be (am, is) |
Verb (ing) |
object |
I She He Kassim It Jane |
am is is is is is |
playing cooking writing drawing running cleaning |
football cassava notes pictures away utensils |
Plural
subject |
Verb to be (are) |
Verb (ing) |
object |
They We You Jafar and Ahmed |
are are are are |
watching coming doing making |
movie home exam noice |
PAST
TENSE
It is the tense which express past actions or the
actions which took place in a previous time. It can be; yesterday, day before
yesterday, last week, last month, previous year.
a. Past
tense with regular verbs
We add ed or d to the verbs
Examples
Verbs |
Past tense |
Want Use Walk Work Call Ask finish Play Start wash Like Live arrange Include Change Watch follow look help |
wanted used walked worked called asked finished played started washed liked lived arranged included changed watched followed looked helped |
b. Past
tense with irregular verbs
Examples:
Verbs |
Past tense |
Go Buy Come Choose Find Make Be Say See Take Think Begin Break Become Blow Bring Catch Eat Get sleep fight |
went bought came chose found made was said saw took thought began broke became blew brought caught ate got slept fought |
Sentences
Formula:
Subject + past tense verb (regular/irregular) + object
subject |
past tense verb (regular/irregular) |
object |
I They She It Ali and Ibrahim He Asha They The pupils Teacher |
Played Visited Prepared Jumped Watched Slept Took Threw Stood taught |
football Ngorongoro Park last year tea. over the wall. movie. very early my pen the rubbish near the tree us English subject |
NOTE:
We use the past tense when we answer the questions or
explain whzt we did in previous time
People future activities
FUTURE TENSE
It
is a tense which express the actions that will happen next time. such as ,
tomorrow, next week, next month, next holiday.
Formula
Subject + will/shall + verb
+ object
subject |
Will/shall |
verb |
object |
I We You She He It They Asha Juma |
Shall Shall Will Will Will Will Will Will will |
go come sit do watch run play cook drive |
to Zanzibar Park tomorrow on the chair the work television away football birian a car |
OBJECTS AND THEIR TYPES, COLOURS, SIZE AND
LOCATIONS
Types of objects
Objects |
Materials (what is
it made of) |
A desk A chair A table A pencil A pen A ruler A sharpener A scissors A glass A knife A bag A shoe |
wood or fiber wood or plastic wood or plastic wood plastic plastic or metal plastic metal glass metal leather (animal
skin) leather |
Pictures
Examples:
What
is it made of?
It is made of plastic.
What is it made of?
It is made of glass.
A
table
What
is it made of?
It
is made of wood.
1.9.
COLOURS
2. Black
Example:
3. white
Example:
4. Yellow
Example:
5. Green
Example:
6. Blue
Example:
7. Red
Example:
8. Pink
Example:
Ice-cream
9. Orange
Example:
Carrot, orange
10.
Brown
Example:
11.
Purple
Example:
Grapes,
12.
Gold
Example:
13.
Silver
Example:
14.
Grey
Example:
Trouser,
Sentences
It is yellow colour
It is red colour
It is blue colour.
SIZES
These
are so many adjectives words used to express sizes of objects
Examples;
1. Large
2. Small
3. Long
4. Short
5. Sharp
6. Narrow
7. Thin
8. Thick
Examples
What
size is it?
It
is a big ball
What
size is it?
It
is a small ball
LOCATIONS
It is a particular place or position
Examples
i.
Where
is the desk?
The
desk is behind the door.
ii.
Where
is the switch?
The
switch is next to the blackboard.
iii.
Where
is the bag?
The
bag is on the table.
iv.
Where
is the ruler?
The
ruler is under the chair.
v.
Where
is the book?
The
book is in the bag.