DESCRIBING NOTES, ZANZIBAR

 MR MTILA 0675975756

 

CHAPTER THREE

DESCRIBING

 

 

1.1.      Meaning of describing

Describing is defined as giving details about a person, thing or event.

a.   People’s ongoing activities

TENSE

It is a time described by a verb, shown by its grammatical form (the state of a verb).

Categories of tense

                                         i.    Present tense

                                        ii.    Past tense

                                      iii.    Future tense

 

1.2.      VERBS

Verb is a word that shows an action, occurrence or state of being.

They are words which describe action or feeling.

Verbs describe things that happen;

·        Today or now (present) – play (plays), walk (walks), dance (dances), write (write)

·        Yesterday or past time- played, walked, danced, wrote

·        Tomorrow or future – will play, shall walk, will dance, and shall write.

 

 

 

PRESENT TENSE

Used to refer to actions and situation which happen or reportedly all the time or at any time.

Formula

Subject + infinite verb + object

Subject – doer of the action ( noun or pronoun)

Infinite verb - (play(s))

Object –receiver of the action.

·        I play football.

·        She cooks pilau

·        They write notes

subject	Infinite verb	Object/complement
I We You She He It They Asma	play eat drive cooks sings runs write cleans	Football Cassava the car pizza the song faster the notes dishes

RULES

    i.        We add s, es, or ies for 3^rd person singular

3^rd person singular – (he, she, it)

·        We add s for the verb which ends with consonants and vowel.

Examples:

Walks, sleeps, takes, runs, plays

1.   She sleeps early.

2.   He plays football

3.   It runs faster

·        We add es  for verb which ends with ss, ch, o, sh

Examples:

Goes, does, reaches, passes, watches, brushes

Sentences

1.   Asha goes to school

2.   He washes his clothes

3.   It reaches on the roof.

4.   It passes faster

·        We add ies for the verb which ends with “y” before “y” there is consonants so we remove “y” and add ies

Examples:

Cry           cries

Carry         carries

Marry                marries

Fly            flies

Sentences

1.  she cries a lot.

2.  It flies over the sky.

3.  Juma carries laggage.

  ii.        We do not add s, es, ies to verb when we use pronoun I, WE, YOU, THEY.

Examples:

1.  I play football

2.  We cook pilau.

3.  You sing the song.

4.  They clean toilet.

Into negative form

Formula

Subject + do/does not + verb + object/complement

subject	Do/does not	verb	Object/complement
I She We He	Do not Does not Do not Does not	Answer Watch Cook count	The question TV Bananas numbers

 

Note:  a. we use do not for pronouns, I, WE, YOU, THEY and plural nouns.

Examples:

1.   I do not go to school.

2.   They do not cry a lot.

3.   We do not eat birian.

4.   Ali and Juma do not write their reports.

5.   Teachers do not teach us English.

 

b.     Does not used with pronoun she, he, it or singular nouns.

Example:

1.   She does not play netball

2.   He does not write his exercise.

3.   It does not fly over.

4.   Haitham does not cook well

5.   Ali does not drive car.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE/CONTINOUS TENSE

The tense express something that is happening now or at the time we are speaking.

Formula

Positive sentences:

Subject + verb to be (am/is/are) + verb (ing) + object

Note:  am for I   (singular)

         Is for he, she and it (singular)

         Are for you, we and they (plural)

Examples:

Singular

subject	Verb to be (am, is)	Verb (ing)	object
I She He Kassim It Jane	am is is is is is	playing cooking writing drawing running cleaning	football cassava notes pictures away utensils

 

Plural

subject	Verb to be (are)	Verb (ing)	object
They We You Jafar and Ahmed	are are are are	watching coming doing making	movie home exam noice

 

PAST TENSE

It is the tense which express past actions or the actions which took place in a previous time. It can be; yesterday, day before yesterday, last week, last month, previous year.

a.   Past tense with regular verbs

We add ed or d to the verbs

Examples

Verbs	Past tense
Want Use Walk Work Call Ask finish Play Start wash Like Live arrange Include Change Watch follow look help	wanted used walked worked called asked finished played started washed liked lived arranged included changed watched followed looked helped

 

b.   Past tense with irregular verbs

Examples:

Verbs	Past tense
Go Buy Come Choose Find Make Be Say See Take Think Begin Break Become Blow Bring Catch Eat Get sleep fight	went bought came chose found made was said saw took thought began broke became blew brought caught ate got slept fought

 

Sentences

Formula:

Subject + past tense verb (regular/irregular) + object

subject	past tense verb (regular/irregular)	object
I They She  It Ali and Ibrahim He Asha They The pupils Teacher	Played Visited Prepared Jumped Watched Slept Took Threw Stood taught	football Ngorongoro Park last year tea. over the wall. movie. very early my pen the rubbish near the tree us English subject

 

NOTE:

We use the past tense when we answer the questions or explain whzt we did in previous time

 

People future activities

 

 

FUTURE TENSE

It is a tense which express the actions that will happen next time. such as , tomorrow, next week, next month, next holiday.

 

 

 

 

Formula

Subject + will/shall + verb + object

subject	Will/shall	verb	object
I We You She He It They Asha Juma	Shall Shall Will Will Will Will Will Will will	go come sit do watch run play cook drive	to Zanzibar Park tomorrow on the chair the work television away football birian a car

 

OBJECTS AND THEIR TYPES, COLOURS, SIZE AND LOCATIONS

Types of objects

Objects	Materials (what is it made of)
A desk A chair A table A pencil A pen A ruler A sharpener A scissors A glass A knife A bag A shoe	wood or fiber wood or plastic wood or plastic wood plastic plastic or metal plastic metal glass metal leather (animal skin) leather

 

Pictures

Examples:

A ruler

What is it made of?

It is made of plastic.

A glass

What is it made of?

It is made of glass.

 

A table

What is it made of?

It is made of wood.

 

 

1.9.    COLOURS

2.   Black

Example:

Blackboard, shoes,  bag

3.   white

Example:

Papers, cotton, clouds

4.   Yellow

Example:

Banana, sun, fire

5.   Green

Example:

Leaves, mango, lemon

 

 

 

 

 

6.   Blue

Example:

Sea, sky

7.   Red

Example:

Blood, tomato, strawberry

8.   Pink

Example:

Ice-cream

9.   Orange

Example:

Carrot, orange

10.                Brown

Example:

Clay, potatoes, sugar

11.                Purple

Example:

Grapes, brinjal

12.                Gold

Example:

coin plate

13.                Silver

Example:

Dinner plate coin

14.                Grey

Example:

Trouser, t-shirt

 

Sentences

What colour is this?

It is yellow colour

 

 

What colour is this?

It is red colour

 

What colour is this?

It is blue colour.

 

 

 

SIZES

These are so many adjectives words used to express sizes of objects

Examples;

1.   Large

2.   Small

3.   Long

4.   Short

5.   Sharp

6.   Narrow

7.   Thin

8.   Thick

Examples

What size is it?

It is a big ball

What size is it?

It is a small ball

LOCATIONS

It is a particular place or position

Examples

     i.        Where is the desk?

The desk is behind the door.

    ii.        Where is the switch?

The switch is next to the blackboard.

  iii.        Where is the bag?

The bag is on the table.

  iv.        Where is the ruler?

The ruler is under the chair.

   v.        Where is the book?

The book is in the bag.

 

 

 

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